10 เมกะเทรนด์เปลี่ยนโลก “พายุเศรษฐกิจสองระลอก” ของแพงขึ้น แต่เศรษฐกิจไทยและรายได้คนไทยไม่โต10 Mega Trends Changing the World: 'The Dual Wave Economic Storm' with Rising Prices, but the Thai Economy and Thai Incomes Are Not Growing
สรุป 10 เมกะเทรนด์ เปลี่ยนโลก ค่าครองชีพสูง รายได้โตช้า ภาระสองชั้นของครัวเรือนไทย จากพายุเศรษฐกิจ เมื่อโลกแบ่งขั้ว การค้าและการลงทุนเปลี่ยนทิศ รายงานวิจัยล่าสุดของกรุงศรี สะท้อนภาพเศรษฐกิจไทยที่กำลังเผชิญความท้าทายรอบด้าน ไม่ใช่เพียงความผันผวนทางเศรษฐกิจตามปกติ แต่เป็นแรงกดดันที่เกิดขึ้นพร้อมกันจากSummary of 10 mega trends changing the world: high cost of living, slow income growth, the twin burdens of Thai households due to economic storms when the world polarizes, trade and investment shift direction. The latest research report by Krungsri reflects the picture of the Thai economy currently facing multidimensional challenges—not just the usual economic fluctuations but simultaneous pressures from
Summary of 10 mega trends changing the world: high cost of living, slow income growth, the twin burdens of Thai households due to economic storms when the world polarizes, trade and investment shift direction. The latest research report by Krungsri reflects the picture of the Thai economy currently facing multidimensional challenges—not just the usual economic fluctuations but simultaneous pressures from two sides. On one hand, there is a significant transformation in the global economy, including conflicts between nations, technology reshaping businesses
an aging society, and environmental problems. On the other hand, there are domestic issues, particularly income not keeping pace with the cost of living, high household debt, and diminished disposable income. These dual pressures are continuously impacting businesses, employment, and the purchasing power of the public, presenting a major challenge for the Thai economy regarding how much it can propel itself to grow and how well Thai people and businesses are prepared to adapt.
From the changes occurring worldwide, we can summarize 10 key trends that are coming to shape the direction of the economy and the lives of the Thai people as follows: 1. The world is polarizing, trade and investment directions are shifting. Conflicts between major powers, wars, and trade barriers are changing the nature of global trade. Businesses are moving from focusing on production in countries with the lowest costs to selecting production bases that are more stable and situated in allied countries. The relocation of production bases to neighboring countries or countries with good political and economic relations
has thus become an opportunity for Thailand to attract new investment, but it also means increased competition. 2. Global wars impact energy prices, business costs, and the cost of living. Conflicts in strategically important areas, particularly the Middle East, have the potential to push oil and energy prices higher. As Thailand still relies on energy imports from abroad, when energy prices increase, the effects are not limited to oil prices but also extend to travel costs, transportation costs,
product production costs, and the prices of consumer goods that the public has to pay in daily life. 3. Low birth rates, increasing elderly population, changing economic structure. Thailand is entering a peak aging society, as the number of newborns continues to decline, resulting in a shrinking future workforce and increasing burdens on welfare and care for the elderly. However, this change also creates business opportunities in health-related products and services, elder care, and markets related to longevity,
which are becoming increasingly significant. 4. People are placing more importance on health and quality of life. Consumer behavior is changing, shifting from focusing solely on convenience and price to choosing products and services that align more with health and quality of life, such as health foods, body care devices, health monitoring technology, and services that help consumers take better care of themselves, which are becoming markets with growth potential. 5. AI and automation are changing how businesses operate and compete.
AI technology and automation are helping businesses operate more quickly and efficiently, but on the other hand, they are creating pressure on workers whose skills do not align with new demands, including traditional businesses that fail to adapt. The key challenge is not merely implementing AI but also developing workforce skills and adjusting business models to compete in a rapidly changing technology landscape. 6. Increased cyber threats impose higher costs on businesses to protect data. As businesses move their processes and critical information to digital systems,
the risks of cyberattacks and data breaches are also increasing. Investment in cybersecurity and data management is thus becoming an unavoidable cost for businesses, especially for organizations that rely on digital systems for operations. 7. Intensified natural disasters impact both businesses and citizens' incomes. Climate change is causing many areas to face severe and more frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, or extreme weather.
The impacts are not limited to damage to homes and properties but also extend to agricultural production, transportation, factories, and supply chains, all of which affect the income of citizens and business costs. 8. Stricter environmental regulations require Thai businesses to adapt. Many countries are beginning to use environmental standards as key trade conditions. Exporting businesses must thus adjust their production processes to be more environmentally friendly, including reducing carbon emissions and using clean energy.
Although adaptation may increase costs for businesses, it also opens new opportunities for clean energy industries, green technologies, and financial businesses that support the transition to a sustainable economy. 9. Necessities remain expensive, putting pressure on non-reducible expenditures for citizens. High energy and transportation costs are likely to be passed on to the prices of essential items, such as food, daily necessities, and consumer goods. The crucial problem is that these expenses are items that households must rely on every month.
Even with attempts to save, they can only reduce spending minimally, resulting in less money for saving, investing, or other expenses. 10. Labor incomes are growing slowly, tied to low value-added jobs. A large number of Thai workers are still employed in sectors such as retail, wholesale, construction, food services, and agriculture, many of which have low productivity and added value. When businesses generate limited added value, raising wages becomes challenging, which leads to slow income growth for a large number of workers that do not keep pace with rising living costs.
Although the 10 mega trends may seem like global issues, their impacts are closer to home than one might think. Ultimately, these changes will manifest in the form of product prices, business costs, job opportunities, and people’s incomes. Meanwhile, domestic issues further reduce the capacity of Thai citizens to absorb the economic shocks, as data from the report indicates that the majority of households are clearly facing financial constraints. "Low-income households have a high proportion,
with most of their money spent on essentials. Over 57.2% of Thai households have monthly incomes not exceeding 24,000 baht, and this group spends as much as 53.4% of their total expenditure on food and transportation." This means that over half of their monthly earnings must be allocated to necessities, leaving very little for saving, investing, or managing emergencies. Although cash income appears to be trending upwards, when adjusting for government aid and inflation effects,
we find that real income is growing at a low level. In simpler terms, even though Thai people may have increased income compared to the past, when compared to product prices and actual living costs, their disposable income is not increasing accordingly. When examining the financial status of households earning not more than 24,000 baht per month, there is a clear discrepancy between indebted and non-indebted households. These figures reflect that many households have barely any financial reserves to cope with unexpected events.
In the event of illness, job loss, or a short-term drop in income, they may need to rely on borrowing to sustain their daily expenses. Another interesting point is that although the overall consumption figures of the country are still expanding, it does not mean that all household groups are experiencing improved financial status, as spending continues to be supported by households with strong financial standings, earning over 51,658 baht per month, who still have sufficient purchasing power while low-income households face high living costs.
Slow income growth and debt burdens mean that the aggregated economic picture may not fully reflect the living conditions of all Thai people. When the pressures from the global economy coincide with domestic household financial issues, there are three more factors to watch closely, as they may lead to increased difficulties for the Thai economy in the near future. 1. Prices are rising, but the economy and incomes are not growing, risking stagnation. If international conflicts keep energy prices high,
production and transportation costs may continue to rise. Before businesses gradually pass these costs onto the prices of goods and services, if the economy slows down, businesses in the services, retail, and construction sectors may reduce working hours or slow hiring, impacting citizens who face both rising living costs and stagnant incomes, which is a risk of stagflation. 2. Businesses need to invest in adaptation, but SMEs may lack sufficient capital. Changes in technology and global trade rules necessitate increased investment from Thai businesses,
including implementing AI, developing workforce skills, and adjusting production processes to comply with environmental standards. However, larger businesses are generally more equipped in terms of capital and personnel than smaller operators, while many SMEs still face liquidity constraints and limited access to funding sources. If they cannot adapt promptly, they may lose competitive capability, impacting their business operations and extending to employment and worker incomes. 3. Short-term stimulus measures may not be sufficient.
If structural problems are not addressed, measures to assist living costs and stimulate spending may help maintain the economy in the short term. However, if issues such as household debt, workforce skill enhancement, and productivity increases in the business sector are not resolved, it will be challenging to achieve sustainable income growth for the public. The critical task for Thailand is thus to create new high-value-added industries, attract investment in technology, develop workforce skills, and generate jobs with higher wages, alongside elevating welfare systems and social assistance.
Ultimately, addressing the changing world is not merely measured by how much the Thai economy will grow percentage-wise but also by examining how that growth creates income and opportunities for the majority. If the global economy speeds up, yet Thai incomes still do not catch up with living costs, and most businesses still lack sufficient capital to adapt, pressures from both sides may further trap the Thai economy in a cycle of low and fragile growth.